Apple is reportedly developing an integrated 5G cellular modem within its main chipset, a move aimed at reducing its reliance on Qualcomm and improving energy efficiency.
The company is currently testing successors to its first-generation C1 modem, with full integration targeted for 2028.
Apple introduced its first in-house modem with the iPhone 16e, marking a step toward modem independence.
The C1 modem operates separately from the main chipset, taking up additional motherboard space. While Apple has stated that the C1 is highly power-efficient, further integration could improve overall energy optimization and reduce manufacturing costs.
According to Bloomberg’s Mark Gurman, Apple is testing the next iterations, labeled C2 and C3. The C2 modem is expected to launch in 2026, potentially featuring in that year’s iPhone lineup.
However, Apple’s modem technology still trails Qualcomm’s in overall performance, which may explain why the company did not emphasize the C1’s introduction during the iPhone 16e launch.
Despite this, Apple aims to develop a competitive alternative by 2027 before eventually integrating it into the main chipset by 2028.
Modem Independence and Gradual Rollout
Apple’s efforts toward modem independence began with its 2019 acquisition of Intel’s modem business. The transition has been gradual, with Qualcomm continuing to supply modems for the primary iPhone lineup under an agreement extending through at least 2026.
The iPhone 16e serves as a test platform for Apple’s modem technology before wider adoption in future models.
Apple states that the C1 modem contributes to the iPhone 16e’s 26-hour video playback time—higher than the iPhone 16’s 22-hour estimate—due to improved power management, a larger battery, and modem efficiency.
Until full integration is achieved, Apple is expected to continue placing its modem in a separate slot while refining its performance. An integrated modem would offer improved power efficiency and potentially lead to more streamlined iPhone designs.
Performance Considerations: mmWave vs. Sub-6GHz 5G
One limitation of Apple’s C1 modem is the absence of mmWave 5G support, a high-frequency band that enables significantly faster data speeds. Instead, the modem relies on sub-6GHz 5G, which offers wider coverage but lower peak speeds compared to mmWave.
This could affect users in regions where mmWave is widely used, potentially creating a performance gap compared to Qualcomm-powered iPhones.
According to Gurman, while this limitation may not significantly impact most users, future modem iterations will likely need mmWave support to ensure compatibility with high-speed networks.
The C2 modem, expected in 2026, may address some of these concerns, while the C3 modem in 2027 is anticipated to offer performance improvements over Qualcomm’s offerings.
Testing and the Future of Cellular Modem
Apple’s decision to introduce its first in-house modem in the iPhone 16e, rather than flagship models, suggests a cautious rollout strategy. The iPhone 16e, priced at Rs. 59,900 ($599), is positioned as an entry-level device featuring Apple Intelligence.
With a 6.1-inch OLED display, A18 chip, and Face ID, the device offers premium features at a mid-range price point. By limiting the C1 modem to this model, Apple can collect real-world performance data before expanding its use across the iPhone lineup.
Reports suggest that the C2 modem will be introduced in higher-end iPhones in 2026, followed by the C3 modem in 2027. Apple’s long-term goal is to integrate its modem directly into the main chipset by 2028, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.
Potential Impact of Full Modem Integration
Apple’s long-term plan involves merging the modem directly into its main chipset, eliminating the need for a separate component.
This could improve power efficiency, reduce production costs, and allow for sleeker device designs. However, achieving performance parity with Qualcomm remains a key challenge, particularly in areas such as signal strength, latency, and network compatibility.
Another consideration is whether Apple will offer a separate version of its chipset without a built-in modem.
Currently, devices like iPads and Apple Watches require an additional payment for cellular connectivity. If Apple fully integrates the modem, future devices could potentially include cellular capabilities by default, reducing the need for separate cellular versions.
While Apple’s modem integration efforts are still in development, the move aligns with the company’s broader strategy of designing custom silicon.
A successful transition to an in-house modem could provide greater control over hardware and network connectivity, influencing the future of Apple’s mobile devices and the broader chipset market.
